World's smallest computer device created

Washington DC: Scientists have developed the world's smallest computer a device that measures just 0.3 millimetres and could help find new ways to monitor and treat cancer.

Previous systems, including the 2x2x4 millimetre Michigan Micro Mote, retain their programming and data even when they are not externally powered.

Unplug a desktop computer, and its program and data are still there when it boots itself up once the power is back. However, these new microdevices lose all prior programming and data as soon as they lose power.

We are not sure if they should be called computers or not. It's more of a matter of opinion whether they have the minimum functionality required, said David Blaauw, a professor at the University of Michigan in the US, who led the development of the new system.

In addition to the RAM and photovoltaics, the new computing devices have processors and wireless transmitters and receivers. Since they are too small to have conventional radio antennae, they receive and transmit data with visible light. A base station provides light for power and programming, and it receives the data.

One of the big challenges in building the device called Michigan Micro Mote was how to run at very low power when the system packaging had to be transparent. The light from the base station - and from the device's own transmission LED - can induce currents in its tiny circuits.

We basically had to invent new ways of approaching circuit design that would be equally low power but could also tolerate light, Blaauw said.

For example, that meant exchanging diodes, which can act like tiny solar cells, for switched capacitors.

Another challenge was achieving high accuracy while running on low power, which makes many of the usual electrical signals (like charge, current and voltage) noisier.