Japanese avant-garde composer Toshi Ichiyanagi dies at 89

Tokyo: Avant-garde pianist and composer Toshi Ichiyanagi, who studied with John Cage and went on to lead Japan's advances in experimental modern music, has died. He was 89.

Ichiyanagi, who was married to Yoko Ono before she married John Lennon, died on October 7, according to the 'Kanagawa Arts Foundation', where Ichiyanagi had served as general artistic director. The cause of death was not given.

"We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to all those who loved him during his lifetime," the foundation's chairman, Kazumi Tamamura, said.

Ichiyanagi studied at The Juilliard School in New York and emerged as a pioneer, using free-spirited compositional techniques that left much to chance, incorporating not only traditional Japanese elements and instruments but also electronic music.

He was known for collaborations that defied the boundaries of genres, working with Jasper Johns and Merce Cunningham, as well as innovative Japanese artists like architect Kisho Kurokawa and poet-playwright Shuji Terayama, as well as with Ono, with whom he was married for several years starting in the mid-1950s.

"In my creation, I have been trying to let various elements, which have often been considered separately as contrast and opposite in music, coexist and penetrate each other," Ichiyanagi once said in an artist statement.

Japanese traditional music inspired and encouraged him, he said, because it was not preoccupied with the usual definitions of music as temporal art or what he called divisions, such as relative and absolute or new and old.

He said that modern music was more about substantial space, to restore the spiritual richness that music provides.

Among his well-known works for orchestra is his turbulently provocative Berlin 'Renshi'. 'Renshi' is a kind of Japanese collaborative poetry that is more open-ended free verse than older forms like 'renku'.

In 1989, Ichiyanagi formed the 'Tokyo International Music Ensemble' - The New Tradition (TIME), an orchestral group focused on traditional instruments and 'shomyo', a style of Buddhist chanting. His music travelled freely across influences and cultures, transitioning seamlessly from minimalist avant-garde to Western opera.

Ichiyanagi toured around the world, premiering his compositions at Carnegie Hall in New York and the Theatre des Champs-Elysees in Paris. The National Theatre of Japan also commissioned him for several works.